語彙と文法

(1) 語彙(Vocabulary)

◯名詞(Nouns)

分類英単語日本語訳
職業
・人物
architect建築家
astronaut宇宙飛行士
customer顧客、客
flight attendant客室乗務員
vet
(veterinarian)
獣医
親族cousinいとこ
nephewおい
nieceめい
学問
・概念
Linguistics言語学
dialect方言
antonym反意語
metaphor隠喩、メタファー
history歴史
era時代
psychology心理学
habit習慣、癖
Physics物理学
effect効果、影響、結果
Biology生物学
cell細胞
Earth Science地球科学
Geography地理学
horizon地平線、水平線
temperature温度、体温
climate気候
atmosphere大気
道具・物glueのり、接着剤
protractor分度器
scissorsはさみ
tweezers毛抜き
umbrella
finger
thumb親指

◯動詞(Verbs)

動詞意味・用法
borrow(無料で)〜を借りる
lend(無料で)〜を貸す
hear(自然に)聞こえる
listen to(意識して)〜を聴く
explain〜を説明する
shake〜を振る
disappear消える、見えなくなる
waste〜を無駄にする
fold〜を折りたたむ
attract〜を引きつける、魅了する
guess〜を推測する

◯形容詞・副詞(Adjectives&Adverbs)

品詞英単語日本語訳
形容詞absent欠席して
crowded混雑した
local地元の、その土地の
shy恥ずかしがりの
hungry空腹の
thirsty喉が渇いた
副詞aloud声に出して

(2)熟語・句動詞・定型表現(Idioms, Phrasal Verbs, and Set Phrases)

◯句動詞(Phrasal Verbs)

句動詞日本語訳例文
put away(物を)片付けるPlease put away your toys before dinner.
put back(物を)元の場所に戻すPlease put it back on the shelf.
turn over〜をひっくり返すTurn over the pancake when the bottom is brown.
turn off(電気などを)消すDon’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
grow up育つ、成長するI want to be a doctor when I grow up.
look around見て回るWe have some free time, so let’s look around the city.
show 人 around(人を)案内して回るI will show the new student around the school.
move to〜へ引っ越す、移動するMy family will move to Osaka next month.
laugh at〜を笑うEveryone laughed at his funny joke.
find out〜を見つけ出す、(調べて)知るI need to find out what time the library opens.

◯重要表現・定型句(Set Phrases)

表現意味・用法例文
be afraid of ~ing~することを恐れるHe is afraid of making mistakes in front of people.
be covered with ~~で覆われているThe mountain is covered with snow.
be impressed with ~~に感銘を受けるI was very impressed with her performance.
be paired with ~~と組んでいる、ペアになるFor this project, you will be paired with another student.
be up to ~~次第である、~にかかっているWhether we go camping or not is up to the weather.
call the roll出席をとる、点呼するThe teacher called the roll at the beginning of the class.
feel like ~ing~したい気分だI feel like watching a movie tonight.
give ~ a big hand~に大きな拍手を送るLet’s give our guest speaker a big hand!
look forward to ~ing~するのを楽しみにしている (toは前置詞)I’m looking forward to seeing you again.
make a speechスピーチをするHe had to make a speech at his sister’s wedding.
make a decision決定する、決心するYou have to make a decision by tomorrow.
match A with BAとBを一致させる、結びつけるMatch the English words with the Japanese meanings.
much less(否定文の後で)ましてや~ないI can’t even run one kilometer, much less a full marathon.
shake hands握手するThe two leaders met and shook hands.
the difference between A and BAとBの違いCan you tell me the difference between a dolphin and a whale?
nose is running鼻水が出ているI think I have a cold. My nose is running.

◯文の構造 (Sentence Structure)

構文パターン意味例文
It is [形容詞] for [人] to [動詞][人]が[動詞]することは[形容詞]だIt is important for us to protect the sea.
Tell me [疑問詞] + S + V~か教えてTell me what you think about the story.
seem to do~するようだ、〜するように見えるHe seems to know the answer to the question.
want [人] to do
(丁寧→would like [人] to do)
[人]に[動詞]してほしいI want you to be able to introduce yourselves.
ask [人] to do[人]に[動詞]するように頼むI asked him to help me with my homework.
let [人] do[人]に(自由に)〜させるMy parents let me use the computer.
help [人] with[人]の〜を手伝うCould you help me with my homework?
命令文, or …~しなさい、さもないと…Get up, or you’ll miss the train.
cannot … without doing~せずには…できないI can never visit this place without thinking of you.
比較級 + than any other + 単数名詞他のどの~よりも…(最上級の意味)He is taller than any other boy in the class.
whoever〜する人は誰でもWhoever wants to join can come.
whatever〜するものは何でもYou can eat whatever you like.

◯数量詞 (Quantifiers)

数えられない名詞(water, money など)数えられる名詞 (books, students など)
たくさんある (肯定的)a lot of / lots of / plenty ofa lot of / lots of / plenty of
much (主に否定文・疑問文)many (主に否定文・疑問文)
少しはある (肯定的)a littlea few
ほとんどない (否定的)littlefew

◯前置詞(Prepositions)

例文
between → 2つの間でI sat between my mother and my father.
She couldn’t choose between the red dress and the blue one.
among → 3つ以上の間でHe is very popular among his classmates.
I found a beautiful seashell among the rocks on the beach.

◯be made (材料・原料)

表現使い分け(原料の状態)例文
be made of材料が見てわかる (物理的変化)This desk is made of wood.
be made from原料が加工されている (化学的変化)Wine is made from grapes.
be made into原料が製品になるMilk is made into butter.

(演習問題ー準備中)

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